It is so hard to wind turbine plans that are easy to follow and are cheap to acquire. In other than a few decades ago that this technology was fairly new and expensive, it is now very much for all and is also quite cheap. Recent advances in technology have come simply and cheaply from anywhere.

The best place for these flights is the Internet. The Internet is a reliable source when it comes to this. Many of them areactually offered, so there is a small chance that you are overwhelmed and confused. So why should you buy wind power plant plans instead of contractors to a few companies to build for you? Think about the fact that you may or may not be a generator 1000W for $ 150 and includes materials and drawing up the plan.

What about a DIY kit "that you include all necessary information for your system. Wind turbine plansdetail everything you need to know how the materials and tools needed for the entire project. Do not worry about the materials and tools. No special tools are required and materials can be purchased at any local hardware store.

The first thing that outlined plans for wind turbines is to acquire a DC motor. You should keep in mind before anything else, because it will take several days before it is delivered to your home. While waiting for the DCEngine, is a good time for you to work on other parts of the system, like the tower and the blades of the fan. Even the construction of the sheets of this concern is very simple. Also, you do not need expensive materials to build your fan. Can be made of metal or plywood sheet, until she is of good quality and can withstand large amounts of energy from the wind.

Once the DC motor is, is all you need to do, play them all. The site must be for theThe system must be 15 feet above the highest point of the house and also within 300 meters of your area.

Building your own system is easy and fun. You can save money on electricity bills and save the environment. So start now and buy the wind farm plans you need.

Solar energy is the beginning of time on earth. Without it, the earth could not survive and in fact is the primary source of energy that has developed the diversity of life on our planet has undergone.

The biggest problem is that humanity has not seen the potential of solar power and knows how to use it properly until now. The sun is the center of our solar system and deposits more than 1000 W / m 2 (watts per square meter) of power on a clearDay.

It 'obvious that the energies that we are running out and are not inexhaustible. New ways to create energy, very few, if not yet so obvious that solar energy should be used uncovered. It is essentially free, after harvest, the right equipment they have installed. A second advantage is that it is a clean energy and not to pollution, like other energy sources.

Because of our lack of knowledge about the topicPeople are afraid to use. You think, create solar energy is to use expensive and technically. This is not the case and you'll be surprised how easy it is, solar energy can be done. It significantly reduces the electricity bill and can also cause the reality of selling your excess electricity back to your electricity supplier. With it you can sleep easy knowing that you have your part, played not only save resources for future generations, but also actually help to savethe planet from extinction.
3 ways to use solar power

Solar Lights

You can convert solar energy into electricity and use solar energy for household lighting. This is done by building a solar panel with solar cells to make solar energy and convert it into electricity. There is enough energy for your home and all night, when the sun goes down, the excess energy is stored in batteries called solar cells. The use of solar energy for this purpose, we must neverWoe to electricity bills.

Solar system

You can also save energy and the planet by installing a solar system in your home. Again, no need to worry about the cost. With the construction of the solar system, you need not worry that you turn your whole house with a power supply with electrical cables, batteries and batteries. Today, solar systems can be installed and the heating panels are aesthetically appealing and blend inYour environment. The cost of a solar system is 3 to 4 years to pay for heating your home free then.

Solar Cooker

Yet another great feature is the solar cooker. Once installed, it uses fuel / power, and is a great addition to the kitchen. The solar cooker can cook, bake and fry, the food is like a conventional oven and cook for up to five people. Your menu can be wide and varied, if you have a solar cooker. The only drawback isit may take a little 'more than a conventional oven for baking. However, this is not compensated for use with the fact that no energy or fuel is then it is a wonderful way to reduce energy costs on the rise. And I must say once again, is very environmentally friendly than traditional methods of cooking.

Eliminate energy bills now with solar technology from Earth4Energy. The switch to solar energy is the future and started on the ground floor there are no roadsabove all others on the block.

The photovoltaic panels are vital?

photovoltaic modules or solar panels are undoubtedly the sustainable energy solution for homes that offer lower operating costs. With the '/ SEI program of micro-generation CER is now ready to be difficult to implement the installation of photovoltaic panels on the right plays in the area.

Photovoltaic cells have been there for centuries, but now the search is for the latest technologies. Since the conversion efficiency of solar energy tradeThe photovoltaic modules are available not more than 13 -15% in actual use. The nice thing is though, every watt generated in this way is free and can be extended. About 80% of photovoltaic modules for terrestrial applications have already done the first generation of crystalline.

If all the solar panels the same?

Of course not! Similarly there are many different materials are used, there are several performance disparate elements. Quality standards is anotherMatter at all. Unless you have at least basic knowledge of electricity and distribution of property you would do better to leave everything to a professional. But for those more experienced are some facts to consider if you buy solar panels.

Quality Standards

Like all other devices imported to the EU market for solar PV modules should also aim to meet the EC, ISI, BS EN or in connection with '.Quality Management ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 environmental management system, and so are the other rules relating to its manufacturing process and the complex. It is necessary to ensure standard certificates meet the manufacturer's model and year of manufacture of the device you intend to buy. (The validity should be replaced regularly).

Performance – watch out for is

Specification:Solar cell type, size and profile

Number of cells and how they are connected (serial / parallel)

Typical application of DC

Maximum voltage in V DC

Dimensions length x width x height (mm)

Module weight (kg)

The thickness of the front wheel (mm) and tight though.

Temperature range (0 ° C)

Nominal Operating CellTemperature and tolerance – (0 C)

With Safe Ave diameter measured at 80 km / h (mm)

Continuous wind pressure safe (km / h)

Connection type cable / connector is required or not special

Electrical Characteristics: Power Rating (Watts)

Tolerance (%) Rated Current (A)

Rated voltage (V), short-circuit current (A)

Open circuit voltage (V)

Voltage temperature coefficient (V / C 0)

Current temperature coefficient (% / 0 C)

Temperature coefficient of power (% / 0 C)

Curve-amp voltage vs

(@ Irradiance 1000W / m 2)

Watt-ampere characteristic vs

(@ Irradiance 1000W / m 2)

ConversionEfficiency (%)

Design features: the type of support structure

Chassis material

Installation method and material of the brackets

Sealing method

Warranty: The warranty applies to critical components such as solar cells and modules of the (whole), frames and supports (if delivered by the provider modules) cord and plug, a method of waterproofing, etc.

In an evaluation of the services listed above andspecial features that allow you to make an apple to apples comparison of the variety of styles and brands of solar modules available today. As expected, when it comes to a technician, we recommend the assistance of a specialist, the solar panel (when all other failed Avenue) are still available with suppliers and manufacturers have agents. This assessment technique must obviously precede any assessment of the costs for your important investment to protect.

The use of solar energy is growing and developing at a surprisingly fast pace – so soon will be one of the largest industries in the world. Because of this rapid expansion of solar energy options available today, plus an equally rapid decline in component prices, it is important that you do your research and understand all the potential pitfalls before making a financial commitment to proceed.

Research what kind of solar system that best suits your scenario. Factors such asif you live in a city or country you are in a conservation area orientation / angle, and the area available to your site, such as energy consumption, instead of electricity or hot water or both, to create, Connect the AC power or stand-alone power options, any restrictions on the installation of all devices on your site.

Installation costs. What you can afford, you can do any work itself, there is a government or grants from the Council it wouldthis money be better spent improving the insulation of homes, calculate the potential savings in energy costs.

Finally, there are many different types of "green" energy sources on the market today – wind power, bioenergy, hydro, geothermal and gas. Compare your best option would see solar as the pros and cons of each stack up.

Let's look at some basic facts about the resource energy from direct sunlight. On a cloudless afternoonOne could equate to 1000 m². This must be corrected for the angle between the surface and the sun. An important correction to the width of the earth away from the equator. For example, in north London at 51 degrees is about 60% discount on the equator. It would further the period of the year and even more reduced cloud cover. On average, the sun shines about 34% of daylight hours in London. The combined effect of these three factors isthat the average power before the sun per square foot of south facing roof of London about 110 W / m².

Now let's see some rough estimates of the potential power that might attempt to use the sun. The two most common options for local solar energy are "solar thermal" (so the hot water) and "solar photovoltaic" (which is ongoing).

Solar thermal uses the simplest technique for heating the water directly. Suppose we have 10m ² of solar thermal collectors and the south are50% more efficient in converting solar energy 110 W / m² in hot water.

50% x 10 x 110 W m / m, which would provide 13kWh per day

Photovoltaic (PV) panels convert sunlight into electricity. Typical solar cells have an efficiency of about 10%, was the most expensive over 20% more efficient. An average of 20% of South solar panel would be effective in England

20% x 110W x 10m ² / m² = 22W m /, which would have made 5 kWh per day

Installing solar panelsis about four times more expensive than solar thermal collectors and provide less than half the energy. The question then is whether the warm water (low energy level) is practical for your situation than the current (high energy). Some manufacturers now produce "combined", which provide both hot water and electricity, but its premium price.

My advice to anyone thinking of solar energy would be to estimate the savings claimed by the producers a lot of studythoroughly with reliable organizations and material, it varies greatly depending live anywhere in the world you. There is a wealth of information out there, but do your research thoroughly and find valuable information from others who have already installed solar systems in your region.

There is so much hype of living "green" or environmentally friendly, but the only thing that discourages people, the costs of going green. I know because it's the first thing that comes to mind when I think green.

I have some problems for the exploration of various sources of green energy alternatives and concluded that it might not be as expensive as we think of first.

Among the various possibilities, the solar panels seemed our best option. And maybe not for youthough.

Reasons why I prefer the solar system:

Not as strong as the wind turbines
Easily dispensed
Easily transferable, which is a bonus when you are on a farm
Our climate is perfect for them

A few drawbacks:

The initial outlay cost
The room will be filled (including batteries)

First of all, we want to see what comes out of a solar panel system is.

It can be basically divided into four parts, namely:

1) the solar industryPanels
2) Solar controllers
3) Batteries – Storage
4) Inverter – DC to AC inverter

Solar Panels

In simple terms, the plates that take the sun and convert it into electrical energy will be. You are rated in watts in Celsius degrees, what the solar panels is the amount of power to the 25 expected to produce an intensity of sunlight 1000W / meter. You might ask, "What?" at that stage.

In different areas of South Africa,average amount of sunshine per day varies. The media in South Africa is 8.5 hours per day. (It is interesting, in London is 3.8, which is 6.4 in Rome and New York is 6.9). South Africa has the highest average number of hours of sunshine per day throughout the world. This makes it ideal for using solar panels.

If you take a 80 watt panel, it means that it will generate on average 680 hours watt (Wh) per day during the year.

Solar panels can be connected to increase the voltage or current can be. A normalterminal voltage of the panel is designed 17-22 volts, but the use of a controller controls up to 13 volts. The reason is that the safety voltage charging a 13-14 volt.

Solar controller

As already mentioned, the solar panels produce 17-22 volts. This is much more than the safe range of 13-14 volts, you can charge a battery. To check this, we use a regulatory calendar, the fallCurrent produces a stable voltage.

Using batteries, you are sensitive to overload and under a certain tension. The controller does not help recharge the battery to run flat or pasta.

Solar regulators are rated by the amount of electricity you can get the solar panels.

The regulatory authority has the maximum current that a solar panel can handle. This can take up to 25% more than the rated current of the panel. So ifThey have a solar system of 100 W with 5.8 A current rating you want to use a controller 7.54. I am to be with the 30% safe.

Batteries

Once the sun converts light into electricity, we must somehow save. To this end, we are using deep cycle batteries. These are the same as normal car batteries, but with some differences. They will be released over a longer period and can be charged and over and over and over again.Car batteries are designed to provide a large amount of energy in no time.

To get the most out of your deep cycle battery, you should not leave the discharge to below 50% of its capacity. Releasing less than 50%, reduces battery life.

These batteries are rated in amp hours (Ah) and contains a stream in hours. This is the amount of power that have a certain number of hours.

A 100 Ah pasta with 100 hoursVote provides more than 100 Ah 100 hours. This is 1A per hour for 100 hours. This can equate to 5A per hour for 20 hours.

Inverter

Now that we have the power in batteries, we need a way to use it in our daily lives. The batteries can provide electricity stored direct current (DC). Our everyday devices in home use alternating current (AC). We need a way to convert AC to DC, so you can use them.

This iswhere the inverter comes into play. What is recommended is the sine wave inverter, AC power, which is virtually identical to the power that we have established by Eskom available.

The inverters are able to provide the basis to the amount of alternating current continually assessed.

Now that I explained all of the above, you may have a better understanding of what is a solar power system are having. Let's take a look, how you can do to change the size of your installation needs.

Equipment and PowerU.S.

The first thing you do is also the most cumbersome. You must determine the amount of electricity you use and for how long. It 's easy, just write how many watts (W), a device uses, and how many hours per day on average you. This gives you a certain amount of W per day.

Here's an example:

5 x 60W = 300W globes works 8 hours a day every day = 2400 Wh

1 x 300W = 300W TV work 2 hours a day every day = 600Wh

1 x 250W = 250W refrigerator runs 24 hours a day every day = 6000 Wh

1 x 800W = 800W washing machine once a week for 2 hours = 228 Wh

That is, we use a total of 9,228 Wh per day

Power Inverter size

To determine the size of the drive is required is necessary to go to determine the total power in watts (W) of the equipment.

The above example only:

Light Globe – 5 x 60W = 300W

TV = 300W

Refrigerator =250W

Washing machine = 800W

= 1650W total power demand. This means that when all devices are turned on at the same time, there will 1650W. They will also add about 50% of the buffer. So if you ever run a hair dryer at the same time, the system will have power in reserve to run it. So a 2500W inverter for that perfect and leaves you with plenty of buffer. Remember that this calculation is on devices running at the same time. From planning (ie use ofor, hair dryer or iron kettle at a time, but not all at once), you can reduce the amount of energy required, bringing the cost of the solar system.

The number of solar collectors and their evaluations

Total electricity consumption is 9228 Wh Now you need every day, on average, to know how many hours of sunlight in your region. I have many sites that detail, so that should a problem be found. We work about 7 hours. This means 9228Wh / = 7h1318.30W. Add about 20% for a buffer and for possible inefficiencies in the dishes, and you'll end up with a commitment to produce 1576W of power per day.

It is necessary that all its panels enough 1576W add any additional comments. So if you wanted to obtain panels of 140W, you will receive 12 of them, because 12 x 140 W or 24 x 70W = 1680W = 1680 W.

How many batteries?

This depends on the panel you are using. The panels from 140W to produce a current of 7.7A. So if you have 12of them, without the full current 92.4 A. The current also there as well for about 7 hours a day (the amount of sunlight a day). That is, there are 646.8 Ah per day, which must be saved.

If you look at 102AH batteries, they should be allowed no more than 50% relief. This leaves us with about 50 Ah. Therefore, make up 646.8 Ah per day we will need at least 13 batteries.

Regulator that size?

The last thing to consider is the solarRegulator. A panel generates 140W 7.7A of current. There will be a total of 92.4 amps. This means that at least 4 x 30A regulator.

Now the whole system:

12x 140W solar modules
4 x 30A solar controller
13x 102AH batteries
1x 1500W inverter

Phase Change Materials (PCM) in textile
In the textile sector is the protection against extreme environmental conditions, will be crucial. Clothing that protects us from water, extreme cold, intense heat, flames high tension, the balls driven, toxic chemicals, nuclear radiation, biological toxins, etc. are just some of the illustrations.

These garments, as a sportsman and that the defense, firefighters wearing flak jackets and other professional wear and use. TextileThe products can be made more comfortable if the properties of textile materials that can adapt to all types of environments.

At present, for compliance with the requirements of phase change materials (PCM) is a smart material. It absorbs, stores and the heat of the discharge in accordance with the various changes in temperature and is applied more often to make intelligent materials.

Phase Change Materials
stat "Phase Change" is the process of transition from one to another, such asfrom solid to liquid. Any material, experiences, the process of phase change is known as phase change materials (PCM).

These materials absorb collect, discharge or heat in the range between solid and liquid. They waste heat, as it turned into a solid state and absorb as they walk in a liquid state. There shall be established three basic phases of matter, liquid and gas, but other phases such as crystalline, colloid, glassy, amorphous, and plasma are consideredpresent.

This basic phenomenon of science was originally developed and used to build the spacesuits of astronauts for the space program of the United States. This suits the astronauts kept warm in the black void of space and cool in the transition of the solar system. Phase change materials are compounds that solidifies the merger and certain temperatures and are therefore able to receive or download large amounts of energy.

The storage of heat by the phase of a material at a constantThe temperature is called latent heat, "that is classified, from a liquid to solid. When a PCM is undergoing a change, a huge amount of energy is needed. The most important feature is that the latent heat is the transfer of large amounts of energy as a transfer of sensible heat.

Quiet a few of these stages of change PCM in a temperature range above and below the temperature of human skin. This property of certain substances used in the manufactureProtective measures during the year and clothing for the environment suddenly changes. Fiber, fabric and foam with built-in PCM store body heat and then release back to the body because the body requires. Because the method is the dynamic phase change, the materials are continually passing from solid to liquid and back to the physical movement of the body and the outside temperature. In addition, phase change materials are used, but never get used.

Phase change materials areWaxes, that the distinctive character of water and energy they emit heat without changing temperature. These waxes are eicosane, octadecane nonadecane, hexadecane and heptadecane. They all have different points of freezing and melting and mixing the microcapsules into a thermal energy storage and release of thermal energy and maintain their temperature range of 30-34 ° C, which is very convenient for the body.

The amount of heat absorbed by a PCM in an era of changethe amount of heat that can be included in a common heating process, using water as a PCM are analyzed. The melting of the ice where the water for the absorption of latent heat of almost 335 J / g. When the water boiled in a sensible heat of only 4 J / g is absorbed, while the temperature rises one degree. Therefore, absorption of latent heat in phase change of ice into water is about 100 times greater absorption of heat sensitive.

Assimilate as PCM in textiles?
L 'Accounts can be woven with encapsulated PCM, non-woven or knitted fabric are combined.

The capsules may be the fabric in various ways, added to:

Microcapsules: Microcapsules in different shapes – round, square, triangular, the fibers within the polymeric phase. The PCM microcapsules are permanently fixed in the structure of the fiber during the spinning process to wet the fiber production. Microencapsulation provides a softer hand, more stretching, more breathability and air permeabilitysubstances.

Matrix coating during processing, the PCM microcapsules in a coating material such as acrylic, polyurethane, etc., and are applied to the embedded tissue. There are many coating methods are available as a knife roll, knife-over-air, pad-dry-cure, gravure, dip coating and transfer.

Foam dispersion: microcapsules are in a mix of water-blown polyurethane foams and these are mixed in a fabric in a lamination process, which applies waterremoved from the system through the drying process.

Body and groups
The thermal insulation of clothing required, which depends largely on physical activity and environmental conditions such as temperature and relative humidity. The amount of heat produced by humans is highly dependent on physical activity and can vary from 100W while resting to over 1000W during maximum physical performance.

Especially during the cold season (0 ° C), proposedIsolation is defined to ensure that the body is sufficiently warm while sleeping. In extreme activities and is often the case with the winter sports, the body temperature increases as the heat increases. For this increase within a specified period, the body sweats to withdraw energy from the body by evaporative cooling. If the thermal insulation of clothing during exercise is reduced, some of the heat generated can be removed by convection, so that theBody should not need to sweat so much.

The quality of insulation in a garment in terms of heat and cold will be managed in large part the thickness and density of component materials. thickness of high and low density make better insulation. It is, in many cases, the thermal insulation air pockets between the layers of clothing is offered observed.

But the outside temperature also affects the effectiveness of the insulation. The most extreme temperature, whether it be a highor very low, less effective the insulation. Thus, a habit developed because of its ability to heat or cold is chosen by the wearer awaiting the climate where you wear the protective clothing.

Although, a dress made from a dense tissue will have more weight, and freedom of movement of the support is limited. Clearly then, a dress designed by an intelligent substance whose nature can change the outside temperature, supplyexcellent protection. However, such a garment to be comfortable for the user.

Effect of temperature change of PCM
PCM microcapsules can be small, temporary heating and cooling effects of the layers of clothing when the temperature of the PCM layers reaches the transition temperature. The effect of phase change materials on the thermal comfort of protective clothing systems is probably the highest, when the carriers are often caused by temperature transients (ie, to andforth between warm and cold) or touch from time to time, or handling cold objects. The temperature of the PCM layers of clothing often have to vary the damping effect to continue.

The most obvious example is the change in water vapor and ice at 0 ° to 100 °. There are many products that phase change near the body temperature and are being incorporated into fibers and sheets or coating substrates, the phase is equal to or close to body temperature, and then changeHold the balance of body temperature and keeps it more stable. E 'for athletes in extreme conditions and the people involved in extreme sports such as mountaineering and trekking. E 'used in industrial applications where the people are very mobile, can be used, for example, to and from the cool room.

The effects on tissue

If the PCM condensate is heated to the melting point, it absorbs heat as it moves from a solid to liquid. This phase changeproduced a short-term slowdown in the layers of clothing. The thermal energy can come from the body or from a hot environment. Once the PCM is completely melted, the heat-retaining stops

If the head of PCM in a cold environment where the temperature below the freezing point of the PCM and the fuel temperature is taken below the transition temperature, the micro-encapsulated PCM liquid back to solid state, generating heat and a heating current. L 'The developers say that this heat is a damping effect, makes the clothes, to minimize changes in skin temperature and continue with the thermal comfort of the wearer.

The layer of clothing (s) from PCM has to change with the temperature range before the transition phase and PCM is to produce or absorb heat. As a result, change the carrier of a burden to the temperature of some material PCM. PCM is a transient phenomenon. They have no effect in constant thermalEnvironment.

Active microclimate cooling systems require batteries, pumps, give fluids circulating and the latest control devices satisfactorily cool the body, but their performance can be adjusted and made to continue for a long time. They are expensive and complicated. This change in passive micro-climate of latent stage by using equipment, both gas and liquid by evaporation of water (Hydroweave), a massive shift of the liquid phase of a gel of cornstarch, water or wax,contained in plastic bubbles.

The dress of liquid evaporation is more economical, but give only found minimal or short-term slowdown in the environment of high humidity in protective clothing. You also need to re-wet clothes, renew for reuse. The water / starch gel-type head cooling is currently preferred by the military, and can offer a satisfactory and long-term cooling near 32 ° F (0 degrees Celsius) but can also feel very cold on the skin and needs a very coldFreezer (5 ° F) completely rejuvenate or to recharge the garment. If it is fully charged, its something gel-PCM rigidly clamped, and the head is limited breathability.

The other leaders paraffin PCM are relatively cheaper, but their plastic bubbles to split so dripping its contents or to a serious fire hazard. Moreover, their paraffin-PCM melts above 65 ° F (18 ° C) and must be at temperatures below 50 ° F (10 ° C) in the refrigerator or chargedRefrigerator. Its cooling rate also decreases the time in which paraffin blocks are thermal insulation and heat control that can be transferred to or from them. The plastic used to contain the bubbles PCM also severely restrict the airflow and breathability, resulting in their comfort.

Used by PCM

Automotive textiles

The scientific theory of temperature control of the PCM has been used in various ways for the production of fabrics. In the summer ofcan increase the temperature inside the car of a motor vehicle clear if the car is parked outside. To adjust the temperature while driving, many cars are equipped with air conditioning, but a required cooling capacity needs a lot of energy. Hence the application of the technology of phase change materials in various applications for domestic automotive sector could provide energy savings, as well as an increase in the thermal comfort of the carInterior.

Dressed Active

Active wear is expected that a thermal equilibrium between the heat produced by the body during the execution of an activity and the heat released into the environment. active wear clothing normally do not meet these needs are. The heat from the body in the hard work is often not released in the required amount, resulting in a situation of stress. On the other hand, during periods of rest between activities,less heat is produced by the body. Considering the same amount of heat is expected to hypothermia. Application Support PCM in the clothes in the regulation of heat shock, heat stress, and then support and help to improve their work efficiency under high load.

Lifestyle clothing – stylish fleece jacket, men and women, hats, gloves and rainwear.

Outdoor sports – Jackets Clothing and trim jacket, boots, golf shoes, sports shoes, socks and skiSnowboard gloves.

Real-world applications in space suits and gloves for phase change materials are used in consumer products.

Aerospace Textile

phase change materials in consumer products have been used primarily for protection for use in space suits and gloves to protect astronauts from temperature fluctuations during production of the highest made spacewalks in space.

The usefulness of the isolation resulting from the micro-encapsulated phase change materials (PCM accounts)created primarily to heat the gloved hands of astronauts walk in space. The materials have been accepted as an ideal glove, while the extreme temperatures of space to support the environment.

Medical Textiles

Fabrics with phase change materials (PCM) may soon find use in the medical field. To increase the physical comfort thermo-surgical clothing such as dresses, hats and gloves. In bed as mattress covers, tents and blankets. A product that helps theCosts of patient stay quite warm in operation, isolating tailored to your body temperature.

Other uses of PCM

Phase change materials are used in the textile sector, at the time, the ends are: gloves, boots, hats, etc. A number of PCM can be selected for different applications. For example, the skin near the body temperature of about 33 ° C (91 ° F). Even if the skin temperature of about 30 meters -31 ° C. PCM materials can be usefulup to 16 ° C, sufficient to ensure the comfort of someone with a ski boot in the snow. Are increasingly applied in the protection of the central body, and in areas of displacement blankets, sleeping bags, mattresses and mattress pads.

Types of PCM

Phase Change Materials standards are usually a polymer / carrier with thermally conductive filler which is filled by a solid changes to a highly viscous liquid (or semi-solid) state at a certain critical temperature. These materials are consistent withwell to irregular surfaces and their wetting properties such as thermal compound, which significantly reduced the contact resistance to the distinctive character of interfaces. Because of this composite structure, phase change materials are death-than-life forces during mechanical shock and vibration, providing or component from mechanical damage. Moreover, in semi-solid state of these materials at high temperatures given issues related to "pump" under thermo-mechanicalFlexion.

In one passage, the specific heats the material to a much softer close to liquid as the physical condition in which the thermally conductive material expands in volume. This growth makes the material more thermally conductive volume to replace the river and in the microscopic air gaps between the heat sink and electronic components. With the air filled gaps between the thermal surfaces, reducing a high degree of wetting of the surfaces of the twoContact resistance.

There are generally two types of material phase transitions:

. Thermally conductive and electrically insulating.
. Electrically conductive.

The main difference between the thermally and electrically conductive material, the film or the carrier, the polymer phase change is covered. With the insulation, electric insulation properties of the lowest voltage are achieved.

The analysis of the thermal barrier function of the phaseChange Materials in Textiles

Manufacturers can now enter the PCM thermal comfort in a wide range of clothing. But knowing them to be seen how much and what type of PCM, as well as changes in the textiles sector, a piece of clothing served its purpose to do, is essential to quantify the effect of active thermal insulation material provided by this level.

The total heat capacity of PCM in many products depends on its specific heat capacity and its quantity. The required amount canexpected operating conditions, the desired thermal effect and its duration and the specific heat of PCM. The structure of the transport system and finished products will also affect the thermal performance of PCM, which are measured in terms of selection of material needs and product design.

Perspective PCM

The biggest challenge for the development of textile structural PCM is the method of their use. Encapsulation of PCM in a polymer shellan obvious choice, but adds weight to drive the active material. Efficient encapsulation, the core-to-wall ratio, encapsulation, stability, set during the application and installation of capsules on fabric structure are some of the technological aspects will be measured.
Although PCM is funded with different types of clothing and related products, are the applications where they can really work is limited. As test methods developed for more than PCM, the PCM material producersand clothing must continue to carefully target the markets where their products do not work well.

Conclusion

Since a large amount has been invested in research and development in these areas in developed areas is to assume that very soon all the clothes of the season will be produced in mass production. For example, in Britain, scientists is an acrylic fiber with the integration of micro-capsules of phase change materials have been designed. These fibers are used throughout the year for the production of lightweightCeilings.

many garment companies in the U.S. are now producing many of such garments, like thermal underwear and socks knitted inner layer, shirt or sweater and a jacket with an insulating layer PCM interlining to the outer layer, as well as helmets and other headgear and gloves . such clothing can keep temperatures mild and pleasant, in the extreme case, both the weather. There is no doubt that the textiles PCM integrate their way into various applications available in the near future.

If you are considering wind power for your home the fastest way to begin is to learn how to build a windmill. It's not that difficult and only the last few days.

First of all, many people now refer to a windmill in a wind turbine, we will use both terms – how to build wind turbines is the same.

What you need to get started?

• A garage or shop big enough to work

• Simple tools like a jigsaw, wrenches etc.

·Detailed plans on how to build a windmill

Before too long we want to inform you that live in our long-standing island units, we have learned a lot. The main thing we want to share with you is diversification. Set up your home with both wind and solar power generator along with a bio-diesel if you can.

An increasingly energy.

Learn how to build wind turbines is a good starting point anyway.

There are many advantages in the first placeAll the money. A windmill new 1000w costs more than $ 3,000, but you can build your plans for under $ 150, including the cost of.

We think that the new size for the person just starting out with renewable energy for their home.

First, you want a DC motor from the source in the plans specified order. It takes a couple of days on the road, but is delivered directly to your home.

While waiting for him to arrive, you can access the other components of the workYour wind generator.

Learn to build a windmill is really all about interpretation of the blades of the DC motor. Larger diameter blades produce more power and need a bigger engine.

To produce 1000 watts, what we think is necessary to reflect the real value of your home, you will need, blade diameter of at least 8 meters (blades that are 4 meters long).

They are easily in a day of light wood with straight grain fir or hardwood as a rule.

If you are creating a smallMachine, you can use PVC pipe for the blades. The chances are good in the detailed plans outlined.

The other components are easily obtained and installed, including free towers (old TV towers), and plants on the island without deep cycle batteries.

Do you think that all the stream that flows freely at home. Is not it time to start.

photovoltaic panels or modules are undoubtedly among the best devices for sustainable energy for the needs of electricity in your home. There are many different types of photovoltaic panels, which differ chemically and physically. Other modes also differs in some others. Despite all these developments, the most popular and still the best compromise for cost and performance for your home seems to be the mono crystalline silicon modules, to be followed closely followed by poly (or multi) crystallineRibbon silicon modules.

The first is the one with the highest efficiency is the most expensive of the lot. It so happens that this is the best mass production of solar modules worldwide, thus reducing production costs in recent years. Consequently, there are hundreds of thousands of makes and models on the market.

How do you filter more suitable for single crystal silicon solar modules for installation? There are at least seven major aspectsdeepen. These are;

Specification
Tolerance
Electricity
Connections and terminations
Size and weight
Performance characteristic curves
Warranty and specific de-rating life

Specification
The specification should be;
the type of solar cells and their physical properties.
The number of cells and how they are connected
Typical nominal output voltage DC
Maximum voltageDC
Beam Size (height x width x thickness)
Construction details
The thickness of the glass front
% Cell Efficiency

Tolerance
The performance of the module depends on and varies between different parameters, for reasons of environmental protection and use of variations. Therefore, as in other machines there are tolerances, you can and should operate within it. Some of the most important;
Operating
Ave size of the module can stand againstStandard wind speed
Continued tolerance on wind speed

Electricity
This series is one of the most important data to assess the suitability of photovoltaic modules for specific needs.
Power (Pm) on Watt
Tolerance
Rated current (In) in Amperes
Rated voltage (V m) in volts
short-circuit current (Isc) in amperes
Open circuit voltage (Voc) Volts
Working pressure rating (STC)
The electrical connections and cablesTerminations

Characteristic curves
A reputable manufacturers offer the electrical performance of photovoltaic modules in a graphical form. These data obtained performance curve) test against a measured frequency of solar energy (as 1000W / m2) and a temperature-controlled environment (for example, 25 0C

Size
Size of photovoltaic modules, together with their weight are very critical when it is installed, for example on roofs, ceilings andSupport structures. Another important fact is that the space available may be insufficient for the total number of modules to load a specific building is required depending on the size of the module. It 'also important to note that the metal structure of the non-material, and as galvanic corrosion.

Warranty
Even a reliable product requires a minimum guarantee against manufacturing defects. It's your sure protection against a major investment. Althoughis good for an owner of a renewable energy source for his country to understand what they can expect from a particular installation of PV panels is concerned, it is always important to let the professionals handle the design, equipment selection, installation, commissioning etc.

Used solar panels really big a deal than to buy a new one, although there are a lot more problems than the old one. Normally it is a very safe purchase that is a panel to enter unless it is a great loss.

Make sure the plates with full sun against a purchase, so that you have a fully functional panel are always tested. Since the life of a still unknown (one of the panels are still working!) And 'better safeyou are buying is still functional.

Prior ready to go to buy, let's see, what to look for certain things if you look at used to buy your solar panels:

You avoid buying food that they give a very clear how the broken glass or condensation under the glass. Unless you are willing to pay more for repairs (which sometimes can be expensive) to spend, it is better to wait and see if there are better deals around.

How much space do you have? With the newElectricity Technologies, a new record a lot more at home than to use data that are similar in size to provide. If you have some 'space at home, you can verify that the address of a new unit, but if you have a lot of space to use a solar panel that is decidedly better to choose "the dollar per watt. Solar panels by factories rather a slightly higher performance and share information on their shots. Some say that 5%, some say 10%. Assuming that your home will be completely manufactured bySolar power, enough to power your home with additional support needs at least 5%. For example, if your house is equipped with 1000W ensure that the solar system can produce about 1050W. To really see a lot of cymbals, which have burned bypass diodes. You can use this to solve. You can usually offer a very low price for this "useless" solar panels. To check the plates used, take your voltmeter and set it to volts DC. Measure onPlus and ends in less of the plates. If you can measure DC amps, they do. Multiply the volts and amps, you can calculate the wattage produced by the panels.

Summary:

Bring your tools so you can see how much electricity is generated by the solar cells used.
At best deals are non-functional solar cells used (usually it is very convenient), which is able to solve.

Look for plans to build a homemade wind generator? We have some very detailed plans that show how you found your builds. In fact, you can make a 1000 watt model in a couple of days for less than $ 150. This is quite large considering that we just bought a business model priced at $ 3,300! What you need to get started?

Ordinary family · Tools puzzle, keys, etc.

• Reliable

• A job, basement, bedroom, garage …

Detailed · EPlans to build a wind generator homemade

The focus of the project is the electricity producer and most of the facilities the generator can with a DC motor for her. Works great and are easy to lists of sources for about $ 30 in plans. Current is simply the wind blows the leaves produced in one direction (they are compensated for capturing the wind and move the blades).

This spin the leaves turn rotates the DC motor, which sendselectricity to your home. These are simple things. The electricity is stored in batteries to be used later, and the plans will show you where free deep cycle batteries you can use. After the DC motor (can be sent directly to you) Stuff you can start building the individual components of wind turbines. We usually start with the blades, as this requires effort, usually only a day's work, though.

To create the 1000w wind generator, weBlade recommend at least 4 feet long (a total diameter of the blade at least 8 meters) is required. The longer the leaves, the wind energy than is captured, which in turn more power for your home. It is necessary for the wooden blades of light work (no knots), cedar and spruce better. The blades are easy to build according to plans for a wind turbine homemade made. The wood is to get a loud and clear, making it a good building material.

For smaller machines that can usePVC pipe for the blades, but would not recommend it to be strong for the largest wind forces who break if too large. Here you will find a large tower in your area looking for used TV towers. Works great. If the DC motor is that it's a simple thing, the components as shown in the plans of the form.

We remember the first time, the blades started spinning on our wind turbine produces free electricity for our homes. What a thrill that was. They arePayment in the same way. Did you know that electricity tariffs are expected to double by the end of next year? Is not it time you did something about this impending disaster for you and your family? Let's start.